The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.